Combination pressure and absorption type refrigeration device



Aug. 26, 1941.

R. s. CLAYTON 2,253,893

COMBINATION PRESSURE AND ABSORPTION TYPE REFRIGERATION DEVICE Filed Feb. 2, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 IIIIHHI IIIIIIIIIIIH ##orngv.

27 By ,l lig.

1941- R. s. CLAYTON 2,253,893

COMBINATION PRESSURE AND ABSORPTION TYPE REFRIGERATION DEVICE J. filayldn Aug. 26, 1941. R. s. CLAYTON COMBINATION PRESSURE AND ABSORPTION TYPE REFRIGERATION DEVICE Fil'ed Feb. 2, 1940 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented Aug. 26, 1941 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE COMBINATION PRESSURE AND ABSORPTION TYPE REFRIGERATION DEVICE This invention relates to a combination pressure and absorption type of refrigeration system. The device referred to in this specification and shown in the drawings is designed to carry on the process of producing refrigeration as shown and described in my co-pending application for a patent on a Combination pressure and forced absorption process of producing refrigeration, filed Feb. 2, 1940, Ser. No. 317,012:

This system has for its basic idea the fact that by far a greater proportional amount of refrigif a. given amount of fuel is burned in any sort of an engine to produce motion, then there is a considerable loss in efficiency and this loss is dissipated for the most part in the shape of heat. On

the other hand, if a given amount of fuel is is burned to produce vaporization-such as for instance in an absorption refrigeration systemthen the motion it would have produced is lost, in as much as the heat would have still been available for the most part in the exhaust of the 29 the same condenser, the same expansion valve 30 and the same chilling coil.

A further object of my invention is to provide a device for developing refrigeration in which a refrigerant gas and an absorbent for the refrigerant gas is employed, and the boiling points of the refrigerant gasand the absorbent liquid are so far apart that enough heat may be applied to the refrigerant ladened liquid absorbent that the refrigerant will readily and quickly vaporize and separate from the absorbent liquid without ap- 'proaching the boiling point of the absorbent liquid. The two chemicals selected to be used in this device are trimethylamine, which boils at +3 /2 degrees centigrade, as the refrigerant; and benzyl' alcohol, which boils at +204 degrees centigrade, 5

as the absorbent.

In view of the fact that trimethylamine, when transformed from a gas to-a-liquid,gives oil a large amount of latent heat, this also makes it possible to decrease the size of the machine. In 5 view of the large amount of latent heat given ofi by the trimethylamine, it is a further object of this invention to provide a refrigerating system in which the latent heat given off by the refrig-- erant gas is used to partially heat the refrigerant ladened absorbent (strong liquor), in the system so that only a small amount of heat is necessary to be added to the strong liquor to perpetuate the cycle or refrigeration.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a. refrigerating device that is extremely small and simple. This is made possible in view of the fact that one cubic centimeter of benzyl alcohol will absorb 1198 cubic centimeters of tri= methylamine at 25 degrees .centigrade, which is erant absorbed into an absorbent than has been heretofore used in either an absorption or pressure refrigeration system, and because of the characteristic of a small amount of benzyl alcohol absorbing such a large amount of the trimethylamine, a very much increased amount of refrigeration is realized over that of other chemicals now in use that the size of the refrigerating device may be very much decreased in size and still deliver as much refrigeration as other larger machines.

It is also a further characteristic of benzyl alcohol and trimethylamine that they will perform to produce refrigeration under pressures as low as twenty-five pounds, therefore the refrigeration device may be built of much lighter weight materials than other machines having the same capacity of refrigerationas my machine. Due to the low pressure employed in my machine, it is obvious that little or no trouble will be experienced from leakage of either the refrigerant or the absorbent through or from the various parts of the machine.

These and other objects of my invention will be more fully explained as this description progresses. I I

Now referring to the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 is a vertical sectional detail view through the mercury boiler, turbine, combination mercury condenser and strong liquor boiler for the refrigerating device.

Fig. 2 is a side view of the device shown in Fig. 1, parts being broken away for convenience of iilustration.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the device shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view through the mercury injector, the view being taken along the line IVIV in Fig. l, and looking in the direction of the arrows.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal sectional view through the pumps, compressor, and motor for the drive of the pumps and compressor.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view through the driving motor for the pumps and compressor, the view being taken along the line VI--VI in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7, combined with Fig. l, is a diagrammatical layout of the refrigerating system.

Fig-8 is a vertical sectional view through the analyzer, which is a partof the refrigerating system.

Fig. 9 is a vertical sectional vew through the absorptiontank, which isa part of the refrigerating system.

Fig. 10 is a plan view of the absorption tank shown in Fig. 9.

Fig. 11 is a cross sectional view of the absorption tank, the view being taken along the line XI-XI in Fig. 9.

Fig. 12 is a cross sectional view of the absorption tank, the view being taken along the line XII-XII in Fig. 9

Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a portion of one of the drip plates employed in the absorption chamber.

Similar numerals of reference designate the same parts throughout the several figures of the drawings.

In the accompanying drawings is shown my improved refrigerator device, in which is shown a mercury boiler. A which comprises a hollow conical shaped element l0 positioned inside of a second conical shaped element ll, there being a space l2 between the two cones l0 and II to receive mercury that is to be heated. At i3 is shown the tip of a gas burner that will put a flame inside the cone in so as to heat the mercury in the space I2. I

' At It is a boiler portion having anopening l5 therein to receive heated mercury from the space t2, the mercury spreading over the floor of the boiler portion l 4 so as to have an area from which vapor may rise and raise a pressure in the boiler portion l6.

At B is a turbine type motor-which comprises a finned turbine wheel l5 that is carried on a shaft II, the 'turbine wheel being revolvable in a case i8 which contains a port I! through which is fed the mercury vapor, under pressure, from the boiler portion l4 through the pipe Hz: to the port I9 and through the turbine wheel l6. At 2| is an exhaust passage which receives-the exhaust of the turbine B and discharges it into the condenser C which comprises a conical shaped eletween the portion l4 of the boiler A and the top portion of the mercury receiving chamber 29 so that there will be equal vapor pressure in both chambers l4 and 29 and the mercury level 32 will always be the same in both chambers l4 and 29 or l2 and 29 and the condensed mercury will 8.1- ways flow from the injector 21 into the cham-' ber 29.

In the analyzer D is a series of horizontally disposed plates 36 and 31. The plates 36 having holes 38 in the outer edge portion thereof; and the plates 31 having a hole 39 at the center thereof so as to form a zig-zag passage or line .of travel through the analyzer to the upper chamber 40 thereof.

At 4| is a pipe leading from the analyzer chamber 40 to and through a counterflow heat exchanger X and continues as pipe Mo to the upper end of the condenser E. At 42 is a pipe that leads from the lower end of the condenser E to, and discharges into an expansion valve F which in turn discharges into the upper end of the chilling coil G. At 43 is a pipe leading from the lower end of the chilling coil G to and entering the lower side portion of the absorption tank H.

At the point 44 the pipe, 45 enters the top of the absorption tank H and leads to the intake connection of a rotary compressor K. At 46 is a pipe, one end of which connects to the discharge end of the compressor K and the other end connects into the pipe 4| at the point 41 just ahead of the heat exchanger X.

At 48 i a p p ne end of which connects into the bottom of the analyzer D and the other end connects with the intake of a small gear pump L. At 49 is a pipe, one end of which connects to the discharge side of the small gear pump L and leads to and enters the upper side portion of the absorption tank H at the point 50.

At Si is a pipe, one end of which connects into the bottom portion of the absorption chamber H at the point 52 so as to drain the contents of the lower portion of the absorption tank H. The other end of the pipe 5| connects with the intake of a second gear pump M, which is somewhat larger than the pump L.

At 310- is a pipe, one end of which connects with the discharge side of the pump M and the other end of the pipe 31a connects to the outer lower end portionoi' the counterflow heat exchanger X. At 33a is a pipe, one end of which connects to the upper outside portion of the counterflow heat exchanger X and the other end connects with a reflected heat absorber 330. At 33d is a pipe connecting between the reflected heat absorber 33c and the generator coil of pipe 33 in the helical condenser channel 23 in the housing 0.

In Figures 1 and 2 is shown a pump device that is driven by the turbine shaft II. On the shaft I! is shown a worm 52a on which is in mesh with a worm wheel I53 that is rigidly mounted on a shaft 54 on which is rig dly mounted a bevel gear wheel 55 and one gear 58 of a gear pump N which in turn drives the second gear 51 of the gear pump N. At 58 is shown a pine leading to the intake of the pump N, and at 59 i5 P pe rrying the discharge from the pump N.

In Figure 5 is shown a cross sectional view of two pu'mps L and M, a compressor K, and a In the helical passage 23 of the condenser is a generator coil of pipe 33, the upper end' ofwhich extends as pipe at; to and discharges into an analyzer device D that comprises a closed housing 34 that has an upwardly curved bottom 34a that forms a V-shape 35 at the bottom of the analyzer to facilitate complete drainage M, and the compressor K. In this assembly is shown a shaft carried in bearings GI and 82 at either end of the shaft 60' and in the housing elements of the motor 0 and pump L.

In Figures 5 and 6 is shown sectional view of Y the h draulic motor 0 in which is shown a housing 83 in which is housed arotor 84 that is rigidly mounted on the shaft 60. The rotor 64 is mounted in the rotor 64 and adapted to. fit

against the walls of the housing in which they revolve. The housing 63 is provided with an intake chamber and port 66 and an exhaust port and chamber 51, the pipe 59 discharging into the port ti and chamber in the housing 53 connected therewith; and the pipe 58 is connected into the chamber and port 61 to receive the discharge from the motor chamber opening into the exhaust chamber 61. ,t

The compressor K is made similar to the motor 0, and the pumps L and M are common ordinary gear pumps, all of which have their drivin gear or rotor rigidly mounted on the shaft 50 so that as the motor runs, the pumps and compressor will cause pressure and flow in the system in the direction indicated by the arrows in Figures 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9.

Attention is-called to the fact, that as shown in Fig. 1, there is a packing 68 around the turbine shaft I! and between the turbine and the worm 52a; and in Fig. 2 as shown at 59 there The turbine, pumps and motor shown in Fig-V ures l, 2, 3, and 6 are shown for illustration and it must be understood that other type of turbines or engines, pumps, motors and com-- pressors may be employed-so long as they are applicable to the refrigerating device and system shown in the drawings and described in this specification.

The absorption tank H comprises a closed tank having a series of bailie plates II therein that integrally join the wall of the tank, and at the central portion thereof is an upwardly extending tube-like element I2.

At I3 is shown inwardly and upwardly sloping flange-like elements that tightly fit against the wall of the tank H and which are permanently fixed in the position shown in the tank H by being spot welded or otherwise permanently attached to the wall of the tank H. The flange be made obvious.

At Y is shown cap and flange elements comprising a capportion I5 and an outwardly extending and upwardly sloping flange portion I6. The cap and flange elements Y are supported byspacer stud elements 'I'I positioned betweenthe flange portions 16 and the flange elements I3 and being riveted to said elements so as to support the cap 15 in a position housing the tube I2 with the flange I6 extending outwardly and upwardly beneath the flange I3 so as to leave an open space between the cap I5 and the tube I2, and between the lower edge of the cap I5 and the plate II and between the outer edge of the flange I5 and the wall of the tank H and the flange elements 'I3.

At 18 is shown a plate concentrically positioned on top of each cap portion I5 and being permanently riveted thereto. The outer edge of the plates I8 are turned upwardly and are serrated or provided with vertical saw cuts I9 for purposes that will later be-made obvious.

The absorption tank H is built up of a series of duplicate sections Z, each of which comprise an inverted cup shaped element X, the open end o1 the cup shaped section Z being slipped" over the closed end of the adjacent section Z so that the end closure of the cup shaped elements Z forms the plate II above described. Each inverted cup shaped element X containing the cup, flanges and plate elements I5, I6, I3 and I8 and having the tubular element I2 integrally formed thereon.

The absorption tank H has a top closure section P, and a bottom closure section Q that join the sections Z in a manner similar to the sections Z joining each other, there being a chamber R formed in the upper closure element P; and in the lower closure element Q is formed a chamber S which is drained through the pipe 5|.

In the chamber S is a horizontally disposed pipe 8'0 one end of which is provided with a vertically disposed reducer T-fitting 8i and having the large opening thereof directed upwardly and the small opening-thereof directed upwardly as shown in Fig. 9. The other end of the pipe 80 is mounted in a. fitting 83 carried on the inside face of the wall of the closure element Q and opening into the pipe 43 previously described.

At 49 is a pipe'passing through the sidewall of the upper closure element P and being in such a position as to discharge-onto the flange element I3. Each-section P, Z and Q contain one stage of the process of the refrigerant gas, trimethylamine, being absorbed in the absorbent, benzyl alcohol.

While the power end of this'device is described as being a mercury vapor turbine, driving a pump which circulates a liquid (benzyl alcohol), which in turn drives a motor that drives a pair of pumps and a compressor for the circulation end of the refrigeration system.

The object of this arrangement is. that should there be any leakage of mercury vapor from the turbine there would be no way for the mercury to find its way 'into the refrigeration circulatory system. A further object is that there may be instances where it would be desirable to position the mechanical power end of the device remote to the refrigeration end of the device. However, it must also be understood that, if desired, the pump N and the motor 0 may be dispensed with and the turbine B would drive the pumps L and M and the compressor K direct, in which case the drive shaft 60 in Fig. 5 would become the drive shaft 54 in Figures 1 and 2.

In Figures 1, 2, and 4 is shown an'injector device for returning condensed mercury vapor from the exhaust of the turbine back to the mercury boiler system for further vaporization for the purpose of driving the turbine and heating the strong liquor of the refrigeration system as will later be described.

,The mercury injector comprises a finned rotor U that is rigidly mounted on one end of a shaft V. On the other end of the shaft V isa gear W which is in mesh with thegear 55 that is on the shaft 54. The rotor U is revolvable in afhousing 21 and is driven byth shaft V which is driven by the gears W and 55,. The housing 21 is positioned over the mercury receiving chamber 29 and is provided on one side with an openingthrough which the pipe 26 discharges condensed mercury from the condenser chamber C into the housing 21. In the other side of the housing 21 is a discharge opening 28 through 'which the mercury may discharge into the chamber- 25. As the rotor U revolves the mercury will .flow from the pipe 26 into the chamber in the mercury falls into the chamber 29 for the purpose previously described.

The operation of the device is as follows: The chemicals used herein, as before stated, are benzyl alcohol as the absorbent, and trimethylamine as the refrigerant, these chemicals having the characteristics of the trimethylamine being absorbed by the benzyl alcohol in the proportions hereinafter stated.

The mercury boiler is heated by a gas or other suitable flame in the space T in the cone shaped element In thereby creating a mercury vapor and pressure passes through the pipe :2: into the turbine and against the fins of the rotor ll; of the turbine B and finally discharges through the exhaust 2| to be discharged into the helical condenser channel 23 and against the generator pipe coil 33 therein and where the mercury vapor is condensed and flows, as liquid mercury, through the helical channel 23 to the condenser chamber C from where the mercury flows thru the pipe 26 to an injector device shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and which discharges the mercury through the passage 28 into the receiving chamber 29 from where the mercury flows through the pipe 30 into the boiler space l2 to repeat the cycle justdescribed. At 3] is'a pipe connecting between the boiler space M and the top of the receiving chamber 29 so as to maintain an equal pressure in both the chamber 29 and boiler chamber M for the purpose of maintaining equal liquid levels in the boiler chamber i4 and receiving chamber 29 so as to not interfere with the entrance of mercury into the receiving chamber 29 that is being brought in by the injector device.

The turbine B being driven as above described,

in turn drives the pump N which circulates a liquid, preferably benzyl alcohol, to drive the motor 0, which in-tum drives the pumps L and M and the compressor K for the purpose of circulating the refrigeration producing chemicals in the direction of the arrows shown in Figures 1, 2, 3, 7, 8 and 9 as will later be described.

In the lower portion S of the absorption tank H is a strong liquor which is composed of ben zyl alcohol that has absorbed or is heavily ladened with trimethylamine. Thus the strong liquor is being pumped by the pump M from the absorption tank H through the pipes 5| a-nd 3la through the outside portion of the counterflow heat exchanger X and pipe 33a to the reflected heat absorber 33c, and then through the pipe 33d into the generating'coil 33 in the helical channel 23 where the mercury vaporat a temperature of about 454 degrees centigrade is being discharged from the exhaust of the turbine against the generator coil 33 in which is contained the strong liquor above described.

In as much as the benzyl. alcohol boils at approximately +204 degrees centigrade and trimethylamine at 43% degrees centigrade, ample M through the pipe 33b into the analyzer D where the trimethylamine refrigerant gas, due to the temperature thereof, separates from the benzyl alcohol and begins to cool. The refrigerant gaatrimethylamine, rises and travels upwardly through the analyzer in the direction of the arrows (see Fig. 8), to and through the pipe 4| (see Fig. 'l) into and through the inner pipe of the counterflow heat exchanger X, and then through the pipe Ila into the condenser coil E where condensation of the refrigerant gas takes place; andwsimultaneously, the benzyl alcohol from which the trimethylamine has been liberated by the heat, is draining, or is being pumped by the pump L from the analyzer through the pipe 48 to and through the pump L and on through the pipe 49 to the absorption chamber H as will later be described.

The liquid refrigerant trimethylamine that is in the condenser coil E is now'being forced through the pipe 32 to and through the expansion valve F where the liquid refrigerant is expanded to a gas and is discharged into the chilling coil G where refrigeration takes place, or in other words, the cold refrigerant gas is now absorbing heat in the chilling coil G that it lost in the condenser E and in the process of being expanded to a gas in the expansion valve F.

The refrigerant gas after passing through the chilling coil G is now transferred to the bottom of the absorption chamber H through the pipe 43 where the refrigerant gas is discharged through the pipe 30 (see Fig. 9), and T-fltting 9! against the bottom of the plate 18 into the chamber S of the absorption tank H from where the refrigerant gas passes upwardly through the absorption tank H to contact and be absorbed into the absorbent as will later be explained.

'During the process just described, the pump L is pumping the weak liquor absorbent, benzyl alcohol, from the bottom of the analyzer D through the pipes and 49 to the top of the absorption tank H where the absorbent is discharged into the top of the absorption tank H onto the flange element 13.

The liquid absorbent, benzyl alcohol, now fllls the cups formed by the flange elements I3 and l6, and also fills the cups formed by the plate elements II and tubular elements 12 and the side walls of the sections Z, and the top of the tubular element 12 and overflows through the tube 12 into the trays 13 from where it overflows through the slots 19 and drips onto the next lower flange element 13 and fllls the cup shaped formation thereof and so on through the several duplicate stages of the absorption chamber back to and through the reflected heat exchanger 0 where the strong liquor absorbs additional heat that is reflected from the boiler surface l0, and from the reflected heat absorber 330 the strong liquor travels through the pipe 330 to the generator coil 33 to repeat the cycle above described.

During the downward travel of the benzyl alcohol absorption tank H as above described, there is a simultaneous action of the refrigerant gas, trimethylamine, taking place as follows: As

the benzyl alcohol flows downwardly through the several stages of the absorption tank as described, the trimethylamine that is being discharged from the T-fltting 3| strikes the bottom of the tray 18 thereabove and flows around the edges thereof and over the surface of the benzyl alcohol in the tray 13 where some absorption of the trimethylamine into the benzyl alcohol takes place. The remaining trimethylamine then flows upwardly through the tube 12 whereupon the trimethylamine contacts the benzyl alcohol in the chamber above the lower tray I8 .and is forced downwardly around the outside of the tube l2 and bubbles through the benzyl alcohol under the flange element 16 and around the edge thereof, then upwardly under the flange element 13 and up through the hole or passage 14 and under the second tray 18 and over the surface of the benzyl alcohol held in the flange element I3 thereunder, and then around the-edge and over the top of the second tray 18 to contact a surface of benzyl alcohol in the tray 18 and then pass on upwardly through thesecond tubular element 12, all this travel being indicated by the arrows in the drawings and represents the first stage of the process of the refrigerant, trimethylamine being absorbed by the absorbent,benzyl alcohol.

In Fig. 9 is shownan absorption tank providing for-four duplicate stages of'the absorption as above described. It will be understood that as the trimethylamine travels through the stages, its volume becomes less, due to the fact that it is being absorbed into the benzyl alcohol. Attention'is called to the fact that the benzyl alcohol enters the top of the absorption tank at the point 593 as a weak liquor, that is, it contains little or no trimethylamine and as it travels downwardly through the several stages of the absorption above described, it finally arrives in the chamber S in the bottom of the absorption tank H as a strong liquor, that is, the benzyl alcohol is now saturated or nearly so, with the trimethylamine.

In bubbling the refrigerant, trimethylamine, upwardly through the absorbent, benzyl alcohol, in'the absorption tank H as above described, it might be that some oi the trimethylamine failed to absorb in the benzyl alcohol and, if so, it accumulated in the chamber R in the upper part of the absorption tank H as an unabsorbed gas that will have to be disposed of. Thedisposition is made as follows:

The compressor K forms a vacuum in the pipe line 415 and in the chamber R in the absorption tank H, and the unabsorbed refrigerant gas in the chamber R of the absorption tank H is drawn through the pipe 55 into the compressor K, where the gas is compressed, and due to the pressure, thegas will liquefy and at which time it will produce its latent heat and be pumped through the pipe 46 to the point fill where it is discharged into the pipe 4! and the contents oi the pipes ii and 46 pass through the counterflow heat exchanger X where the contents of the pipe 4! gives 013 its heat which is absorbed by the contents of the outside portion of the heat exchanger X and then flows on through the pipe Ma into thecondenser E for the final condensation and then to the expansion valve F and the chilling coil G to repeat the cycle of refrigeration above described Owing to the Tact that variable pressure will be required in the condenser E to cause conden-l sation at variable temperatures of the space in which the condenser may be placed, and to further the economical operation of the machine, the two thermostatically operated valves 85 andtii are placed in the fuel line 8fl-8B of the burner l3 and functions as follows: A

The throttling valve 85 will 1 ary' the fuel input to the burner it so as to produce the pressure required in the condenser E to produce condensation of the refrigerant gas therein.

The thermostatically operated snap open and shut valve 81 controls the fuel being fed to the burner l3 and accordingly functions to start and stop the machine in accordance with the need for refrigeration.

In summary, then, of the general characteristics of the above machine compared to existing types, the following stand out as the most important:

Engine 1. Adapted to automatic operation from a thermostat. A mercury vapor turbine, easy starting, no valves or adjustments.

Note-Any engine with exhaust gas heater attachment may be used on the larger sizes where automatic operation is not required.

A system presenting the characteristics of both the compression and absorption types of refrigeration, and maintaining the separate component functions in a definite and exact relationship, so as to produce a, forced freezing cycle giving definite and unvarying results.

A system especially designed to take full ad vantage of the outstanding characteristics 0.? the chemicals used, among which are- A refrigerating gas of high latent heat-$829 caljmole Troutons constant 21.1. Thompson, H. W., Linnett, J, W., Trans. Faraday, sec. 32, 6&31-5 (1935) making profitable an" exchange of heat between the condensing refrigerant gas and the saturated absorbent.

A high absorption ratio where 1198 is volume of gas (reduced to zero Cent. and 760 mm.) dis solved in one? volume or solventat 25 deg. Cent. when the partial'pressure of the gas equals 766 mm. Ibid.,m,369.

Pumps Alcohoi circulation pumps oi the gear force type, directly connected together, one acting as a force pump to transfer saturated alcohol from the absorption chamber, operating under vacuum to the compression side of the system, and the other acting as a flow meter limiting the flow of the weak alcohol from the analyzer to the absorption chamber and maintaining an exact volume of flow ratio between them, corresponding to the difference in volume between the weak and saturated alcohol. This maintains a uniform vacuum in the absorption chamber and increases efliciency.

The compressor suction line is connected to the top of the absorbent chamberreinfo rcing the vacuum and drawing its charge of refrigerant gas from the expansion coil into the bottom of the absorption chamber and up through its various baflie stages and maintaining a high turbulence in the entire chamber thus greatly increasing the efllciency over the common gravity typesin which the volume of gas entering the chamber and contacting the alcohol is limited by the amount of absorption.

Absorption chamber Forced circulation type absorption chamber in which the full efiect of the forced circulation of both the absorbent and the gas is utilized.

Made in sectionsmaintaining maximum contact between them, and so that any degree of saturation may be obtained by adding suflicient stages.

Control Double thermostatic control. Controlling the volume of flow according to the need of condensing pressure and controlling its duration according to the need for refrigeration.

Having described my invention, what I claim 1. In a combined compression and absorption refrigeration system embodying a plurality of circuits, a generator, an analyzer, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a chilling coil, an absorber and a plurality of pumps, arranged in the circuits, one of said circuits comprising a conduit connecting said generator with the analyzer, a conduit connecting the analyzer with the heat exchanger, a conduit connecting the heat exchanger with the condenser and chilling coil, and a conduit connecting the chilling coil with the absorber, a conduit connecting the absorber with the heat exchanger, a pump positioned in said conduit, a conduit connecting the heat exchanger with the generator, and means for conducting refrigerating gas from the absorber to said condenser under pressure.

2. A combined compression and absorption refrigerating system comprising a generator, an analyzer, a heat exchanger, a condenser and chilling coil, an absorber and a plurality of pumps, a plurality of conduits connecting the several elements in a manner to establish a plurality of circuits, one of said circuits extending from the generator to the analyzer, from the analyzer to the heat exchanger, from the heat exchanger to the condenser, thence to the chilling coil, from the chilling coil to the lower end of the absorber, from the absorber'to the heat exchanger and back to the generator, a pump positioned in the conduit from the absorber to the heat exchanger, a second circuit embodying a conduit from the analyzer to the absorber, flow control means arranged therein, and a conduit from the absorber to the heat exchanger with a compressor therein, and means operable from the generator for driving the pump and compressor. I l

3. In a refrigerating system of the character described embodying both compression and absorption, comprising a generator, an analyzer, a condenser, a chilling coil and an absorber, conduits connecting the several elements in such way that two independent circuitsare provided, one circuit for conducting a volatilized refrigerant from the generator to the analyzer, a

take-off conduit for gaseous refrigerant from the analyzer to the condenser and the chilling coil, a conduit for conducting the refrigerant from the chilling coil to the absorber, and a conduit for rich liquor from the absorber to the generator, a pump positioned in the last-named conduit, a conduit for weak liquor extending from the analyzer to the absorber, a pump positioned therein, a conduit extending from the absorber to the condenser for unabsorbed refrigerant gas, a compressor positioned in said conduit, heating means for rich liquor passing through the generator, andmeans operable by the heating means for driving the said. pumps and compressor.

4. A refrigerating system of the character described employing both compression and absorption, comprising a mercury vapor generator for volatilizing a rich refrigerant liquor, an analyzer, a conduit leading from the generator to the analyzer adjacent its lower end, a discharge conduit leading from the upper end of the analyzer to a heat exchanger and thence to a condenser for conducting vaporized refrigerant to said coil, a chilling coil for receiving the expanded refrigerant, an expansion valve between the condenser and the chilling coil, an absorber, a conduit from the chilling coil to the lower end of the absorber, a conduit from the lower end of the analyzer to the upper end of the absorber for weak liquor, a pump positioned in the last-named conduit, a conduit leading from the upper end of the absorber for unabsorbed refrigerant gas to a point adjacent the entrance end of the condenser, a compressor positioned in said conduit, a conduit for rich liquor leading from the lower end'of the-absorber to said generator, a pump arranged in said conduit and power means operable by said mercury vapor generator for providing motive driving force to said pumps and compressor.

5. A combined refrigerating system of the compression and absorption type comprising a mercury vapor generator, an analyzer, a condenser and chilling coil, an absorber and a plurality of pumps and a compressor, conduits connecting the several elements for providing a plurality of circuits, said mercury vapor generator including a coil for the passage of a rich liquor to be volatilized, turbine means carried by the generator and operable by the mercury vapor, means whereby the exhaust mercury vapor is caused to impinge upon the said coil, 9. source of heat for the generator, temperature control means for the source of heat, and means operable by the turbine means for imparting driving movement to the said pumps and compressor.

6. A refrigerating system of the character described employing both compression and ab- .sorption, comprising a mercury vapor generator,

from said turbine over the said coil, meansdriven by the turbine for imparting a positive drive to the pumps and the compressor, and temperature actuated means for controlling the-heating means.

7. In a combined compression and absorption refrigerating system, the combination with a generator, an analyzer, a condenser, a chilling coil and an absorber, of conduits connecting the several elements in such manner that two inde-- pendent circuits are established, a plurality of pumps and a compressor, said analyzer comprising a cylindrical shell, baiiies arranged in said shell in such manner that a refrigerant passing therethrough must partake of a' tortuous course, a conduit leading into the lower end of the shell for conducting a volatilized refrigerant thereto from the generator, a conduit leading from the upper end of the shell to a condenser for the conduct of a refrigerant gas, a conduit leading from the lower end of the shell to the absorber for conducting weak liquor, means arranged in said conduit for controlling the flow therein, a conduit leading from the chilling coil to the absorber, a conduit leading from the absorber to the condenser, and a conduit leading from the absorber to the generator, pumps and a compressor arranged in certain of the conduits, and means operable from the generator for driving the pumps and the compressor.

8. A system of the character described comprising a generator, an analyzer, a condenser, a chilling coil, an absorber and a plurality of conduits connecting the several elements for establishing two circuits, said absorber comprising a cylindrical shell, a pluralityof baflle plates arranged therein for providing a tortuous passage from top to bottom of the shell, a conduit leading into the upper end of the shell from said analyzer for conducting weak liquor thereto, a conduit leading into the lower end of the shell from the chilling coil for conducting refrigerant gas thereto, said liquor and said gas passing through the shell in a tortuous manner and in opposed relation, a conduit leading from the lower end of the shell to the generator for conducting rich liquor therefrom, pump means arranged'in said last-named conduit for regulating the flow of rich liquor in proportion to the combined input of the weak liquor conduit and the .gas conduit, a conduit leading from the top or said shell to said condenser for conducting unabsorbed gas from th absorber, and a compressor arranged in said last-named conduit.

9. A system of the character described comprising a generator, an analyzer, a condenser, a chilling coil, an absorber, and a plurality of conduits connecting the several elements for establishing two circuits, said absorber comprising a cylindrical shell, a plurality of baflle plates arranged therein for providing a tortuous passage from top to bottom of the shell, a conduit leading into the upper end of the shell from said analyzer for conducting weak liquor thereto, a conduit leading into the lower end of the shell from the chilling coil for conducting refrigerant gas thereto, said liquor and said gas passing through the shell in a tortuous manner and in opposed relation, a conduit leading from the lower end of the shell to the generator for conducting rich liquor therefrom, pump means arranged in said last-' named conduit for regulating the flow of rich liquor in proportion to the combined input of the weak liquor conduit and the gas conduit, a conduit leading from the top of said shell tosaid condenser for conducting unabsorbed gas from the absorber, and a compressor arranged in said last-named conduit, said compressor serving to create a vacuum in the shell, the chilling coil and the weak liquor input line from the analyzer, and means located in the said weak liquor line for regulating the flow therethrough.

10. A combined compression and absorption refrigeration system embodying a generator, an analyzer, a'conden'ser, a chilling coil and an absorber, conduits connecting the several elements in such manner that two independent circuits are established, the said condenser, chilling coil and absorber so interconnected as to be common to both circuits, and a compressor and pumps for controlling the flow of the refrigerant throughout the two circuits.

RALPH s. CLAYTON. 

